literature review
A. Biological Fish
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a type of fish derived from tilapia and lakes connecting the river. Tilapia was imported to Indonesia formally by Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute in 1969, tilapia seeds that exist in Indonesia come from Taiwan as with the dark color with vertical lines as much as 6-8 pieces and red Philippines (Suyanto 1998 ).
According to Saanin (1982), the classification of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is as follows:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Filum: Vertebrata
Class: Osteichtes
Sub Class: Acanthoptherigii
Order: Percomorphii
Sub Order: Percoidae
Family: Cichlidae
Genus: Oreochromis
Species: Oreochromis niloticus
Tilapia in general have a long and slender body shape, the comparison between the length and average height 3: 1. The scales of tilapia are large and rough. Tilapia fingered hard fin, thumb belly fins, subterminal mouth and tapered shape. In addition, other signs that can be seen is from the tilapia is a black body color and rather whitish. The bottom of the gill lid is white, while the local white tilap is rather blackish and some even yellow. Tilapia scales large, rough, and neatly arranged. A third of the rear scales cover the front side. His body has a line of lateral lines cut off between the top and bottom. The upper lateral linea extends from the gill cover to the back of the dorsal fin to the base of the caudal fin. The size of the head is relatively small with the mouth at the head and has large eyes (Merantica 2007).
Tilapia has characteristics as a parental care fish that treats its child by mouth (mouth breeder) (Effendie 1997 in Prasetiyo 2009). This fish is characterized by a dark vertical line on the tail fin as much as 6 pieces. In addition to the caudal fin, the line is also found on the dorsal fin and anal fin (Suyanto 1994 in Saputra 2007 in Prasetiyo 2009).
As with any other tilapia, the sex of the small tilapia is not clearly visible. The difference can be clearly observed after the weight reaches 50 grams. Tilapia aged 4-5 months (100-150 g) have started to mate and lay eggs Signs of tilapia fish is darker body color than female fish, genitalia in the form of a protrusion (papilla) behind the anus, and jawbone widened to the back. While the signs of female tilapia is a genitals in the form of a bulge behind the anus, where there are 2 holes. The hole in front to remove the egg, while the back to remove the urine and when it contains a ripe egg, and the stomach looks enlarged (Suyanto, 2003).
Tilapia is an omnivorous fish that feeds on phytoplankton, periphyton, aquatic plants, small invertebrates, benthic fauna, detritus, and bacteria associated with detritus. Tilapia can filter its food by capturing suspended particles, including phytoplankton and bacteria, on the mucus located in the buccal cavity. But the main nutrient source of tilapia is obtained by eating food on the perifitone layer (FAO, 2006).
Tilapia is a tropical fish that likes shallow waters. Tilapia is known as a fish that is resistant to changes in the environment in which it lives. Nila lives in freshwater, brackish, and saltwater environments. The preferred salt water content is between 0-35 ppt. Freshwater tilapia can be moved to saltwater by a gradual adaptation process. The level of water salt is increased gradually. The sudden transfer of tilapia into the water, which has a very different salt content, can lead to stress and death of fish (Suyanto, 2004).
Place of life Tilapia is usually located in shallow waters with a stream that is not so heavy, this fish does not like to live in the moving waters (flowing), but if the treatment of tilapia such as adaptation to the flowing water environment then the tilapia can also live well in flowing waters. (Djarijah, 2002).
A. Biological Fish
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a type of fish derived from tilapia and lakes connecting the river. Tilapia was imported to Indonesia formally by Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute in 1969, tilapia seeds that exist in Indonesia come from Taiwan as with the dark color with vertical lines as much as 6-8 pieces and red Philippines (Suyanto 1998 ).
According to Saanin (1982), the classification of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is as follows:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Sub Filum: Vertebrata
Class: Osteichtes
Sub Class: Acanthoptherigii
Order: Percomorphii
Sub Order: Percoidae
Family: Cichlidae
Genus: Oreochromis
Species: Oreochromis niloticus
Tilapia in general have a long and slender body shape, the comparison between the length and average height 3: 1. The scales of tilapia are large and rough. Tilapia fingered hard fin, thumb belly fins, subterminal mouth and tapered shape. In addition, other signs that can be seen is from the tilapia is a black body color and rather whitish. The bottom of the gill lid is white, while the local white tilap is rather blackish and some even yellow. Tilapia scales large, rough, and neatly arranged. A third of the rear scales cover the front side. His body has a line of lateral lines cut off between the top and bottom. The upper lateral linea extends from the gill cover to the back of the dorsal fin to the base of the caudal fin. The size of the head is relatively small with the mouth at the head and has large eyes (Merantica 2007).
Tilapia has characteristics as a parental care fish that treats its child by mouth (mouth breeder) (Effendie 1997 in Prasetiyo 2009). This fish is characterized by a dark vertical line on the tail fin as much as 6 pieces. In addition to the caudal fin, the line is also found on the dorsal fin and anal fin (Suyanto 1994 in Saputra 2007 in Prasetiyo 2009).
As with any other tilapia, the sex of the small tilapia is not clearly visible. The difference can be clearly observed after the weight reaches 50 grams. Tilapia aged 4-5 months (100-150 g) have started to mate and lay eggs Signs of tilapia fish is darker body color than female fish, genitalia in the form of a protrusion (papilla) behind the anus, and jawbone widened to the back. While the signs of female tilapia is a genitals in the form of a bulge behind the anus, where there are 2 holes. The hole in front to remove the egg, while the back to remove the urine and when it contains a ripe egg, and the stomach looks enlarged (Suyanto, 2003).
Tilapia is an omnivorous fish that feeds on phytoplankton, periphyton, aquatic plants, small invertebrates, benthic fauna, detritus, and bacteria associated with detritus. Tilapia can filter its food by capturing suspended particles, including phytoplankton and bacteria, on the mucus located in the buccal cavity. But the main nutrient source of tilapia is obtained by eating food on the perifitone layer (FAO, 2006).
Tilapia is a tropical fish that likes shallow waters. Tilapia is known as a fish that is resistant to changes in the environment in which it lives. Nila lives in freshwater, brackish, and saltwater environments. The preferred salt water content is between 0-35 ppt. Freshwater tilapia can be moved to saltwater by a gradual adaptation process. The level of water salt is increased gradually. The sudden transfer of tilapia into the water, which has a very different salt content, can lead to stress and death of fish (Suyanto, 2004).
Place of life Tilapia is usually located in shallow waters with a stream that is not so heavy, this fish does not like to live in the moving waters (flowing), but if the treatment of tilapia such as adaptation to the flowing water environment then the tilapia can also live well in flowing waters. (Djarijah, 2002).
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